Rocks have unique engineering features. The layers of soil that lie above and below the rock, also have local variants that make it important to evaluate the subsurface features of every site. This is particularly the case in New York and New Jersey. The building codes in these areas, bearing in mind the subsurface diversity, require geotechnical engineering investigations and evaluations to be extremely thorough for each building. Local governments consider this an important public safety issue.
Geotechnical engineering investigations and evaluations are also important to the investors and owners who want to build strong foundations for their building at the most efficient cost possible. Having an evaluation report enables structural engineers and the rest of the project team to come up with a way of achieving both.
How Investigations are Conducted
Geotechnical engineering investigations and evaluations start with a study of the previous geological investigation. Such studies would have yielded the geologic data of the area where the investigation is to be conducted. In New York and New Jersey, this information is in the public domain. Reviewing the prior investigation gives the Geotechnical Engineer a general feel of what to expect in the investigation.
Study of the Data Collected
Study of geologic data is followed by drilling exploratory borings. From these borings, rock, groundwater, and soil samples are retrieved and taken to a soil laboratory. The samples are evaluated and classified. In the laboratory, the samples are also tested for their engineering properties.
The final step in the evaluation is deducting what the engineering properties of the subsurface material collected means in light of the proposed building. This comes with recommendations on the type of foundation that would be suitable for the proposed construction. The types of earthworks necessary are also included in the recommendations. When seismic activity in the project area is factored in and the recommendations are followed to the letter, the structural integrity of the construction is assured.